Циня
А еще программист. Смени язык по своей же ссылке:
As of 2016 there were three MRT techniques: maternal spindle transfer (MST), pronuclear transfer (PNT), and more recently as of that date, polar body transfer (PBT).
The original technique, in which cytoplasm taken from a donor egg and containing mitochondria, is simply injected into the recipient egg, is no longer used.In MST, an oocyte is removed from the recipient, and when it is in the metaphase II stage of cell division, the spindle-chromosome complex is removed; some of cytoplasm comes with it, so some mitochondria are likely included. The spindle-chromosome complex is inserted into a donor oocyte from which the nucleus has already been removed. This egg is fertilized with sperm, and allowed to form a blastocyst, which can then be investigated with preimplantation genetic diagnosis to check for mitochondrial mutations, prior to being implanted in the recipient's uterus.
In pronuclear transfer, an oocyte is removed from the recipient, and fertilized with sperm. The donor oocyte is fertilized with sperm from the same person. The male and female pronuclei are removed from each fertilized egg prior to their fusing, and the pronuclei from the recipient's fertilized egg are inserted into the fertilized egg from the donor. As with MST, a small amount of cytoplasm from the donor egg may be transferred, and as with MST, the fertilized egg is allowed to form a blastocyst, which can then be investigated with preimplantation genetic diagnosis to check for mitochondrial mutations, prior to being implanted in the recipient's uterus.
The process of fertilization in the ovum of a mouse, showing pronuclei.
In polar body transfer, a polar body (a small cell with very little cytoplasm that is created when an egg cell divides) from the recipient is used in its entirety, instead of using nuclear material extracted from the recipient's normal egg; this can be used in either MST or PNT. This technique was first published in 2014 and as of 2015 it had not been consistently replicated, but is considered promising as there is a greatly reduced chance for transmitting mitochondria from the recipient because polar bodies contain very few mitochondria, and it does not involve extracting material from the recipient's egg.
По первым двум методам
https://www.nap.edu/read/21871/chapter/4#46 и дальше до 50 включительно.
По всем трем с картинками
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377089/Бонус: для публики
http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report Files/2016/Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques/mito ethics infographic_FINAL.pdfГрик
Пока что я вижу, что реально легализовала только Британия.
Там, где нет прямого запрета на генную инженерию с эмбрионами человека, серая зона.
А ЭКО давно в ЕС есть, чего странного-то? В Чехии вообще на потоке давно.
